![]() ![]() What is the Difference Between Shunt and Dead Space What are the Similarities Between Shunt and Dead SpaceĤ. – Definition, Characteristics, Importanceģ. ![]() Moreover, they are examples of the ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. Shunt and dead space are two conditions of lungs, resulting in impaired gas exchange. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an example of increased dead space resulted in decreasing perfusion relative to ventilation. For example, in pneumonia, the area of the alveoli is well perfused although it is not well ventilated, leading to the shunt. These problems are discussed further in Chapter 40 in relation to pulmonary gaseous exchange and in Chapter 43 in relation to certain pulmonary diseases.The main difference between the shunt and dead space is that shunt is the pathological condition in which the alveoli are perfused but not ventilated, whereas dead space is the physiological condition in which the alveoli are ventilated but not perfused. In a normal person, the anatomical and physiological dead spaces are nearly equal because all alveoli are functional in the normal lung, but in a person with partially functional or nonfunctional alveoli in some parts of the lungs, the physiological dead space may be as much as 10 times the volume of the anatomical dead space, or 1 to 2 liters. When the alveolar dead space is included in the total measurement of dead space, this is called the physiological dead space, in contradistinction to the anatomical dead space. Therefore, from a functional point of view, these alveoli must also be considered dead space. On occasion, some of the alveoli are nonfunctional or only partially functional because of absent or poor blood flow through the adjacent pulmonary capillaries. The method just described for measuring the dead space (see slide 36) measures the volume of all the space of the respiratory system other than the alveoli and their other closely related gas exchange areas this space is called the anatomic dead space. ![]()
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